Satisfaction with community pharmacies in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30968/jhphs.2025.163.1267Abstract
Objective: To assess user satisfaction and use frequency of community pharmacies during Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting their strategic role in promoting public health. Methods: An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in Alegre, Espírito Santo, during November and December 2021. To assess the satisfaction level with the use of community pharmacies, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied, considering values from 0 (completely dissatisfied) to 10 (completely satisfied). Satisfaction was analyzed both as a continuous and categorical variable, with VAS scores ≥ 7.0 considered as the threshold for satisfaction and ≥ 9.0 for very high satisfaction. A Tobit regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with satisfaction with community pharmacies. Results: A total of 697 participants were interviewed, 86.9% of whom used private community pharmacies. The satisfaction level was high, with an average score of 9.43 (Standard Deviation = 1.10). When categorized, 96.0% of participants reported satisfaction with community pharmacy services (VAS ≥ 7.0), with 80.2% classified as very satisfied (VAS ≥ 9.0). Factors associated with higher satisfaction included individuals aged 60 years or older, females, and those with lower educational levels. Conclusion: The findings revealed a notably high level of satisfaction among users of community pharmacies amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The trust placed in these services reflects their importance as an accessible and reliable resource for the population, especially during times of crisis.
Downloads
References
Prado NM, Carvalho VN, Nunes FG, et al. Análise da produção científica sobre os serviços farmacêuticos comunitários no enfrentamento da pandemia pelo coronavírus. Saúde em Debate. 2021;45(129):533–547. doi:10.1590/0103-1104202112921.
Bobbins AC, Burton S, Fogarty TL. Different models of pharmaceutical services and care in primary healthcare clinics in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Challenges and opportunities for pharmacy practice. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2020;12(1):e1-e11. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2323
Song HJ, Dennis S, Levesque JF, et al. How to implement patient experience surveys and use their findings for service improvement: a qualitative expert consultation study in Australian general practice. Integr Healthc J. 2020;2(1):e000033. doi:10.1136/ihj-2019-000033.
Andrzejewska M, Religioni U, Piątkiewicz P, et al. Public Perception of Pharmacists in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2515. doi:10.3390/ijerph19052515
Alturki M, Khan TM. A study investigating the level of satisfaction with the health services provided by the Pharmacist at ENT hospital, Eastern Region Alahsah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(3):255-260. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2012.09.001
Silva LM, Formigli VL. Avaliação em saúde: limites e perspectivas. Cad Saude Publica. 1994;10(1):80-91. doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1994000100009
Soeiro OM, Tavares NUL, Nascimento JMD, et al. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in Brazilian primary health care. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;51(suppl 2):21s. doi:10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051007145
Cadogan CA, Hughes CM. On the frontline against COVID-19: Community pharmacists’ contribution during a public health crisis. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021;17(1):2032-2035. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.015
Bahlol M, Dewey RS. Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacies for COVID-19. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021;17(1):1888-1896. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.009
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo Demográfico 2010. Available in: https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/sinopse/index.php?-dados=29&uf=32. Accessed on 15 Jun 2025.
Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research?. Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121-126. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.116232
Voutilainen A, Pitkäaho T, Kvist T, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K. How to ask about patient satisfaction? The visual analogue scale is less vulnerable to confounding factors and ceiling effect than a symmetric Likert scale. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(4):946-957. doi:10.1111/jan.12875
Singer AJ, Thode HC Jr. Determination of the minimal clinically significant difference on a patient visual analog satisfaction scale. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5(10):1007-1011. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02781.x
Langkamp DL, Lehman A, Lemeshow S. Techniques for handling missing data in secondary analyses of large surveys. Acad Pediatr. 2010;10(3):205-210. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2010.01.005
World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191-2194. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281053
Valliant SN, Burbage SC, Pathak S, Urick BY. Pharmacists as accessible health care providers: quantifying the opportunity. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2022;28(1):85-90. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.1.85
Mattos LV, Silva RMD, Silva FDRPD, Luiza VL. Das farmácias comunitárias às grandes redes: provisão privada de medicamentos, sistema de saúde e financeirização no varejo farmacêutico brasileiro. Cad Saude Publica. 2022;38Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e00085420. doi:10.1590/0102-311X00085420
Associação da Indústria Farmacêutica de Pesquisa. Guia 2022 Interfarma. Interfarma;2022. Available in: https://www.interfarma.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Guia-Interfarma-2022.pdf. Accessed on 15 Jun 2025.
Policarpo V, Romano S, António JHC, et al. A new model for pharmacies? Insights from a quantitative study regarding the public’s perceptions. BMC Health Services Research. 2019;V(19)186. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-3987-3
Organização Mundial da Saúde. Serviços essenciais de saúde enfrentam interrupções contínuas durante pandemia de Covid-19. Available in: https://www.paho.org/pt/noticias/7-2-2022-servicos-essenciais-saude-enfrentam-interrupcoescontinuas-durante-pandemia-covid. Accessed on 15 Jun 2025.
Bazoni PS, Faria RJ, Cordeiro FJR, et al. Self-Medication during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Findings and Implications to Promote the Rational Use of Medicines. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(12):6143. doi:10.3390/ijerph20126143
Mehralian G, Rangchian M, Rasekh HR. Client priorities and satisfaction with community pharmacies: the situation in Tehran. Int J Clin Pharm. 2014;36(4):707-715. doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9928-7.
Kalita A, Bose B, Woskie L, et al. Private pharmacies as healthcare providers in Odisha, India: analysis and implications for universal health coverage. BMJ Glob Health. 2023;8(Suppl 5):e008903. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008903.
Fernandes BD, Freitas RR de, Melchiors AC, et al. Satisfação dos usuários com serviços da farmácia comunitária: uma abordagem espacial. Revista de Atenção à Saúde. 2020;17(62). doi:10.13037/ras.vol17n62.6107.
Ayele Y, Hawulte B, Feto T, et al. Assessment of patient satisfaction with pharmacy service and associated factors in public hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med. 2020;8:2050312120922659. doi:10.1177/2050312120922659
Al Zaidan M, Mohammed AM, Ibrahim MI, et al. Pharmaceutical Care Service at Primary Health Care Centers: An Insight on Patient Satisfaction. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:6170062. doi:10.1155/2022/6170062
Bonadiman RL, Bonadiman SL, Silva DA da. Avaliação da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso de pacientes hipertensos atendidos no PSF Guaritá, Itaperuna-RJ. Acta Biomedica Brasiliensia. 2012;V(3):73–84.
Bonadiman RL, Santanna AF, Brasil GA, et al. Nível de satisfação dos usuários e verificação do conhecimento dos farmacêuticos em farmácias públicas do Espírito Santo, Brasil. ien Saude Colet. 2018;23(2):627-638. doi:10.1590/1413-81232018232.03462016
Santos GM, Moura FQ, Silva CM. Satisfação dos usuários atendidos pela farmácia básica do SUS no município de Agudo – RS. Revista de Gestão em Sistemas de Saúde. 2019;8(1):26–35. doi:10.5585/rgss.v8i1.13676.
El-Kholy AA, Abdelaal K, Alqhtani H, et al. Publics’ Perceptions of Community Pharmacists and Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(3):432. doi:10.3390/medicina58030432.
Davis RE, Couper MP, Janz NK, et al. Interviewer effects in public health surveys. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(1):14-26. doi:10.1093/her/cyp046
Ayalew MB, Taye K, Asfaw D, et al. Patients’/Clients’ Expectation Toward and Satisfaction from Pharmacy Services. J Res Pharm Pract. 2017;6(1):21-26. doi:10.4103/2279-042X.200995
Mat Din H, Raja Adnan RNE, Kadir Shahar H, et al. Associated Factors in Patient Satisfaction among Older Persons Attending Primary Health Facilities in Sepang, Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci. 2024;31(1):172-180. doi:10.21315/mjms2024.31.1.15
Costa KS, Zaccolo AV, Tavares NUL, et al. User evaluation of public pharmacy services in Brazil. Avaliação dos usuários sobre as farmácias públicas no Brasil. Cien Saude Colet. 2020;25(8):3163-3174. doi:10.1590/1413-81232020258.00202018
Bîrsan M, Focșa AV, Cristofor AC, et al. Healthcare Service Quality Evaluated Using the Degree of Satisfaction of Patients in Romanian Community Pharmacies. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(23):3038. doi:10.3390/healthcare11233038
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey to JHPHS : (1) the right to grant permission to republish or reprint the stated material, in whole or in part, without a fee; (2) the right to print republish copies for free distribution or sale; and (3) the right to republish the stated material in any format (electronic or printed). In addition, the undersigned affirms that the article described above has not previously been published, in whole or part, is not subject to copyright or other rights except by the author(s), and has not been submitted for publication elsewhere, except as communicated in writing to JHPHS with this document.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Serlf-archiving policy
This journal permits and encourages authors to post and archive the final pdf of the articles submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit its publication in this journal.